Capital One $35 Billion Purchase of Discover Receives Approval
Peter Gozsa
Staff Writer
In a massive deal that is reshaping the U.S. financial sector, Capital One Financial Corporation has gained final regulatory clearance to acquire Discover Financial Services for $35 billion. The transaction, which was first announced in February 2024, underwent intense examination by various agencies before getting cleared by the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), and earlier by the Delaware State Bank Commissioner. Besides regulatory approval, the deal won approval from the shareholders of both companies, with more than 99% of shareholders from each side backing the merger. The strong shareholder backing comes as a hope of widespread faith in the long-term value and strategic benefits of merging these two giant financial institutions. With all major approvals now complete, the merger is set to be finalized on May 18, 2025. This marks a significant milestone in building the U.S. credit card and banking industry.
The merger brings together two of America’s biggest credit card issuers, and with this, Capital One is made an even stronger force within the highly competitive financial services sector. By combining Discover’s loyal customers and its standalone payments network with Capital One’s already significant presence and marketing capabilities, the combined company will be better positioned to compete more effectively against the industry’s established leaders, Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, and American Express. The acquisition also gives Discover’s payment network a significant boost, which, although widely respected, has historically trailed Visa and Mastercard in market share and merchant acceptance. With Capital One’s scale and brand weight behind it, Discover’s network can now pose a more serious threat to the Visa-Mastercard duopoly that has ruled the credit card market for decades. Analysts contend that the combination could lead to more innovation and competition, perhaps at the consumers’ expense through better rewards schemes, lower fees, and greater credit offerings.
Regulators took over 14 months thoroughly scrutinizing the deal. In exchange for approval, the Federal Reserve charged Discover $100 million for charging customers “too much” in interchange fees from 2007 to 2023. Discover has ended those practices and is refunding injured customers. Capital One agreed to let Discover complete its repayment plan as a condition of approval.
Richard Fairbank, Capital One Founder, Chairman, and CEO, called the approval an “exciting milestone” and said the company is committed to serving customers, associates, and communities. Interim Discover CEO Michael Shepherd called the deal creating more competition, more products, and more for the community. Capital One also committed to launching a five-year, $265 billion Community Benefits Plan to support lending, investment, and economic growth across the country.
The approval of the deal is part of a larger trend in President Trump’s second term, where an effort for fewer regulations is changing the banking industry. Experts believe that fewer regulations could lead to more consolidation among big banks. Others caution, though, that it could also cause problems if too much consolidation reduces competition. For now, Capital One and Discover customers will not experience anything different. Both indicated that they would give enough notice if anything happened to change later. The deal is expected to close on May 18, 2025, and will create a much stronger Capital One-Discover team with the potential to change the future of the U.S. credit card market.
Contact Peter at Peter.Gozsa@student.shu.edu