{"id":13369,"date":"2024-10-20T21:11:21","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T01:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/?p=13369"},"modified":"2024-10-21T16:48:06","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T20:48:06","slug":"israels-pager-attack-a-justified-example-of-masterful-subterfuge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2024\/10\/20\/israels-pager-attack-a-justified-example-of-masterful-subterfuge\/","title":{"rendered":"Israel\u2019s Pager Attack: A Justified Example of Masterful Subterfuge"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Liam Knotek<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><i>Staff Writer<\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"ose-gettyimages ose-uid-d8da60ff33055875073883794741d849 ose-embedpress-responsive\" style=\"width:723px; height:623px; max-height:623px; max-width:100%; display:inline-block;\" data-embed-type=\"GettyImages\"><a id=\"Id5NyLApQ1trS1t0Va5ZCQ\" class=\"gie-single\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/1722183020\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;\">Embed from Getty Images<\/a><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:\"Id5NyLApQ1trS1t0Va5ZCQ\",sig:\"RBEjgavjsYppAyngkl9dUW-SQLPto5fQxVMa7rQeHPw=\",w:\"594px\",h:\"396px\",items:\"1722183020\",caption: false ,tld:\"com\",is360: false })});<\/script><script src=\"\/\/embed-cdn.gettyimages.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\" async><\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t<script>\n\t\t\t\tif (typeof gie === 'function') {\n\t\t\t\t\tgie(function(){\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar iframe = document.querySelector('.ose-embedpress-responsive iframe');\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif(iframe && !iframe.getAttribute('title')){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tiframe.setAttribute('title', '')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On September 17, sophisticated attacks targeting the terrorist organization, Hezbollah, utilizing exploding pagers occurred, followed by a similar attack with walkie-talkies on the 18. Although Israel has not claimed responsibility for these attacks, a U.S. official who was not authorized to speak publicly says Israel notified Washington that they carried out the attacks, reports <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/09\/20\/g-s1-23812\/lebanon-israel-exploding-pagers-hezbollah-international-law\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NPR<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The explosions mostly occurred within Lebanon and aimed to cause physical and psychological damage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2024\/09\/lebanon-establish-international-investigation-into-deadly-attacks-using-exploding-portable-devices\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amnesty International<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, as of September 20, the attacks have injured more than 2,931 people and killed at least 37, including 4 civilians. Many question whether these attacks violated international law, but Israel\u2019s attack was a completely justified operation that is part of the ongoing conflict between Israel and those bent on its destruction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many support the act of subterfuge supposedly carried out by Israel. John Spencer, chair of Urban Warfare Studies at the Modern War Institute at West Point told <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.com\/v3\/__https:\/www.newsweek.com\/hezbollah-international-law-attacks-israel-lebanon-1956294__;!!Iwwt!SlEaZZyCqdUvXC-Gj9tKpjO4bVgWvtMBXhiLG21xNBRz9t40ANvhnl8jtoWhPtNizducC2q75ZvcUtMU$\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Newsweek<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that \u201cThe operation passes all fundamental laws of war.\u201dIn addition, Eugene Kontorovich, an international law expert, stated, \u201cThose protesting the attack on Hezbollah cell phones would have been crying over bombs placed on Nazi Germany\u2019s train tracks,\u201d per <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailywire.com\/news\/the-law-of-exploding-pagers\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Daily Wire<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Others disagree. The main qualms that critics have with the pager attack relate to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/geneva-s3.unoda.org\/static-unoda-site\/pages\/templates\/the-convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons\/AMENDED%2BPROTOCOL%2BII.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Article 7<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of the Amended Protocol II of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. On the surface, this provision prohibits the use of deceptive traps that are in the form of objects likely to be used by citizens. Some argue these attacks were indiscriminate, as there was no way of knowing where these bombs would detonate or who they would be distributed to. Critics point to cases of bombs going off in homes, cars, grocery stores, and cafes reports the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/lebanon-israel-hezbollah-pager-explosion-e9493409a0648b846fdcadffdb02d71e\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Associated Press<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The critics do not paint the whole picture. Paragraph 2 of Article 7 prohibits the use of objects specifically designed and constructed as traps that appear normal and harmless. These pagers were not constructed, but modified for this purpose, then bought by terrorists, to be used by terrorists, states <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Daily Wire<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Paragraph 3 goes on to say that the object must be in close vicinity of a military target. Considering pagers are meant to be kept on your person, I would say the attack fulfills this condition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The next issue is whether the attack fulfills the principles of necessity, distinction, and proportionality. Necessity permits actions necessary to fulfill military purposes. Hezbollah, recognized as a terrorist organization by several countries including the U.S., is deeply anti-Israel and called for the Israeli state\u2019s destruction in their 1985 manifesto, states the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/what-hezbollah\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Council on Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. They have also supported Hamas\u2019 war with Israel since its beginning, claiming to be in direct contact with Hamas leadership on October 7, 2023, and barraging Israel with rockets ever since then, reports <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/what-is-hezbollah-group-backing-hamas-against-israel-2023-10-30\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reuters<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It is safe to say that Hezbollah represents a clear and present danger to Israel, worthy of military action.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Distinction requires parties to distinguish between military and civilian objectives. According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/ihl-treaties\/api-1977\/article-52\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Article 52<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of the Additional Protocols to Geneva Convention I, military targets are \u201climited to those objects which by their nature, location, purpose or use make an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture or neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage.\u201d Under this article, there should be no disagreement that pagers issued by a terrorist organization to terrorists for the purpose of communication between terrorists constitutes a definite military target.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proportionality requires the loss of civilian life to be acceptable in relation to the military goals achieved. Not only did the pager attacks take around 1,500 Hezbollah fighters out of action as reported by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/pager-walkie-talkie-explosions-took-1500-fighters-out-of-action-hezbollah-source\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Times of Israel<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but it also had major effects on their communications capabilities. In February, Secretary General of Hezbollah, Hassan Nasrallah, ordered all supporters to get rid of their phones, fearing\u00a0 Israel would use them for tracking and targeted assassinations, reports <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/israel-planted-explosives-hezbollahs-taiwan-made-pagers-say-sources-2024-09-18\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reuters<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The reason Hezbollah switched to pagers is because they thought the low-tech devices would prevent Israel from tracking communications. Not only did the attacks take out Hezbollah\u2019s last form of communication, but the psychological effect cannot be underestimated. The fact that Israel still managed an attack of this level utilizing the very devices Hezbollah thought would help keep them safer is certain to damage morale. Considering most casualties were people associated with Hezbollah, and the military advantages achieved with this operation, this attack meets the standard of proportionality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although many criticize the attack carried out on Hezbollah, likely by Israel, it fulfills the principles of the Law of War, and contrary to the opinions of many, does not violate Article 7 of the Amended Protocol II of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The attacks were a masterful example of subterfuge and completely justified.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Image courtesy of <em>Getty Images<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On September 17, sophisticated attacks targeting the terrorist organization, Hezbollah, utilizing exploding pagers occurred, followed by a similar attack with walkie-talkies on the 18.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5743,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2705,7],"tags":[926,2790],"class_list":["post-13369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2705","category-opinion","tag-opinion","tag-israel-hamas-conflict"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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