{"id":11217,"date":"2021-11-30T22:00:31","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T03:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/?p=11217"},"modified":"2021-11-30T21:52:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T02:52:41","slug":"the-international-community-can-redress-its-failed-response-to%e2%80%afthe-2010-haitian-earthquake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/11\/30\/the-international-community-can-redress-its-failed-response-to%e2%80%afthe-2010-haitian-earthquake\/","title":{"rendered":"The International Community Can Redress its Failed Response to\u202fthe 2010 Haitian Earthquake"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kiara McGaughey\u202f<\/strong>
\nStaff Writer<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

When a devastating\u202fearthquake hit\u202fHaiti\u202fin August 2021,\u202fcountries and international organizations from around the world\u202fexpressed their concern and sent aid\u202fin the form of donations and emergency relief<\/a>. However, many Haitians fear that\u202faid from international\u202forganizations and governments\u202fwill not effectively\u202fhelp those in need. As a parallel, they note that\u202fmany relief efforts during the 2010 earthquake, no matter how well-intentioned,\u202fwere considered either lackluster or\u202ffailures by sources such as the Pulitzer Center<\/a>. Many in the country hold that the promises made to affected communities\u202fwere not realized, as previous projects\u202fand relief plans failed\u202fto\u202fcreate an outcome that benefitted Haiti and allowed it to recover.\u202fThis article seeks to show the full extent of the failures of the international community in aiding Haiti in past disasters, such as the 2010 earthquake, as well as explore the exploitation of Haiti during these times by states and international organizations. For the international community to respond to Haiti\u2019s most recent earthquake most effectively, it must first understand these past failures.<\/p>\n

The August earthquake\u202fin Haiti occurred amidst severe political turmoil in the country surrounding the assassination of Haitian President Moise<\/a>. Due to\u202fpolitical instability, poverty, and financial issues coupled with\u202fdamages from past disasters,\u202fHaiti has had a hard time dealing with the\u202faftermath of the earthquake.\u202fHaiti\u2019s struggle\u202fdealing with natural disasters also stems from foreign interference\u202fin the country since its independence.\u202fWestern powers\u2014mainly the United States\u2014have exploited Haiti since the country\u2019s\u202fcreation and continuously\u202fattempted\u202fto make the country dependent on other\u202fstates\u202fthrough programs disguised as aid.\u202fThe U.S.\u202falso invaded Haiti\u202fin 1915 and 1994<\/a> under the guise of \u201cnational security,\u201d which weakened Haiti\u2019s ability to build itself as a nation post-independence.<\/p>\n

During the 18th century Haitian Revolution, the United States\u202farmed French slave owners<\/a> and promised to do anything to stop the revolts.\u202fThus,\u202feven before the creation of Haiti as a republic, the\u202fU.S.\u202fand other\u202fpowers intervened and attempted to stop the island from becoming an independent\u202fstate.\u202fFrance also continued to harm the new state by imposing debts onto Haiti\u202fas retribution for the war. Stanford Law Review\u202fexplains that the U.S. monopolized on Haitian import markets in the 1900s,\u202feventually taking control over Haiti\u2019s banking systems in 1910 and fully occupying the country in 1915.\u202fThe U.S. had\u202fsole\u202fcontrol\u202fof Haiti\u2019s internal finances,\u202fgovernment funds, debts during the 1910s, driving the country into total\u202ffinancial ruin and holding it vulnerable to other states. The U.S.\u202fended its armed occupation in 1934 but\u202fcontinued to control Haiti\u2019s finances\u202funtil as recently as 1947, which meant that Haiti has no real control of its finances and thus no financial stability which affected how the country responded to disasters.<\/p>\n

Caribbean Quarterly<\/a>\u202fspeaks of how\u202fPresident Jean-Bertrand Aristide, the first democratically elected leader in a long time, was strongly opposed to U.S. neoliberal policies that were pushed for the country to adopt. He was later forced into accepting\u202fsaid policies after the 1994 invasion, including\u202freforms to suit foreign investors and\u202fcreate an \u201cexport-oriented\u201d economy. This made Haiti even more dependent on foreign goods and aid, making the country vulnerable to changes and disasters and more dependent on foreign nations.<\/p>\n

Many U.S.-run organizations such as USAID and the Clinton Foundation continued\u202fsimilar motives\u202fof advancing foreign and U.S. control through neoliberal policies\u202fin years after 1994.\u202fWithin these\u202fprograms, Haitians had little input in deciding what needed to be done.\u202fThe policies of the Clinton Foundation and USAID consisted mainly of attracting foreign\u202fmultinational companies to Haiti by creating factories\u202fand infrastructure that\u202fHaitian\u202ftaxpayers\u202fwould have to\u202fpay for.\u202fAs explained by The Guardian<\/a>,\u202fthese\u202fefforts have been considered by many to have failed in aiding Haitians.\u202fThe approaches used by\u202fthe organizations\u202fare almost identical to policies the U.S. had been pushing into Haiti throughout the country\u2019s history to make Haiti more dependent on the U.S. and other powers.<\/p>\n

There were also many reports of mismanagement of finances and mistreatment and abuse of Haitians by international organizations whose very purpose is to help.\u202fNPR<\/a> uncovered the American Red Cross\u2019 mismanagement of almost $500 million\u202fby spreading lies about how much was accomplished and keeping aid away from Haitians who were promised money. The Red Cross has stated that it has\u202fbuilt homes for almost 130,000 people, while only six homes had been built at the time of inspection.\u202fThe Red Cross also stated that its fundings have gone to 4.5 million\u202fHaitians. However,\u202fformer Haitian Prime Minister\u202fBellerive has stated that Haiti did not even have\u202fa population that large that was affected by the earthquake in 2010.\u202fIt also promised new infrastructure to towns\u202fand cities while working with local people; however,\u202fmany reports have described that the organization did not maintain contact,\u202fand it has done almost no work in many of the places it says it has.<\/p>\n

There have also been numerous accounts of abuse by members of aid organizations<\/a>, most\u202fnotably by Oxfam, which has been accused of unspecified sexual\u202fmisconduct in an investigation in 2011. Other NGOs alongside Oxfam<\/a> were discovered to have similar cases. Late Haitian President Jovenel Mo\u00efse accused Medecins Sans Frontiers of having to repatriate 17 of its personnel for misconduct in Haiti and has had 24 confirmed cases of misconduct, though the organization did not specify where. Although it remains unclear what occurred, abuse has been speculated as a possibility, showing the full extent of how rampant abuse of civilians was in NGOs.<\/p>\n

Showing further the recklessness of international organizations, Reuters<\/a> finds that at the beginning of relief efforts in 2010, UN peacekeepers dumped sewage into a river, which introduced cholera to the region and started a deadly epidemic that is still ongoing. While the UN claimed no legal responsibility, many Haitians still hold the organization and their workers responsible for the epidemic.<\/p>\n

Haiti\u2019s\u202fcrises in disaster relief stem from a\u202flong-rooted\u202fhistory of exploitation and forced dependence by foreign\u202fpowers, as well as an air of indifference, imperialism, and neglect from many of the aid organizations and programs that were intended to help.\u202fTo\u202fhelp Haitians during\u202fthis new crisis,\u202fthe\u202finternational community must be fully cognizant of the history of this exploitation\u202fand misconduct, as only then will states and organizations be held accountable for their crimes against\u202fHaiti. Awareness would also\u202feducate people on where to donate money and what organizations\u202feffectuate the highest impact, while also\u202fspurring action against states who have continuously exploited Haiti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When a devastating\u202fearthquake hit\u202fHaiti\u202fin August 2021,\u202fcountries and international organizations from around the world\u202fexpressed their concern and sent aid\u202fin the form of donations and emergency relief. However, many Haitians fear that\u202faid from international\u202forganizations and governments\u202fwill not effectively\u202fhelp those in need.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4889,"featured_media":11215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2104,2116,384],"tags":[560,933,1105,2300,2301],"class_list":["post-11217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2104","category-analysis","category-americas","tag-haiti","tag-earthquake","tag-humanitarian-crisis","tag-natural-disaster","tag-international-aid"],"yoast_head":"\nThe International Community Can Redress its Failed Response to\u202fthe 2010 Haitian Earthquake - The Diplomatic Envoy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/11\/30\/the-international-community-can-redress-its-failed-response-to\u202fthe-2010-haitian-earthquake\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The International Community Can Redress its Failed Response to\u202fthe 2010 Haitian Earthquake - The Diplomatic Envoy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When a devastating\u202fearthquake hit\u202fHaiti\u202fin August 2021,\u202fcountries and international organizations from around the world\u202fexpressed their concern and sent aid\u202fin the form of donations and emergency relief. 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