{"id":10317,"date":"2021-02-22T08:00:21","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T13:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/?p=10317"},"modified":"2021-08-16T14:49:05","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T18:49:05","slug":"focus-on-narco-states-guinea-bissau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/22\/focus-on-narco-states-guinea-bissau\/","title":{"rendered":"FOCUS on Narco-States: Guinea-Bissau\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jasmine DeLeon
\n<\/strong>Staff Writer<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Guinea-Bissau, a small African country that ranks as one of the poorest in the world, has been infiltrated at every level \u2012political, economic, social\u2012 by the illegal drug trade. The country serves as a midpoint in cocaine trafficking routes from Latin America to Europe. Over a decade ago, it was labeled Africa\u2019s \u201cfirst narco-state.\u201d Last year, Ruth Monteiro, Guinea-Bissau\u2019s Minister of Justice and Human Rights, stated that the country is still a \u201cparadise for drug traffickers,” reports BBC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

According to a United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report<\/a>, after 2007, Guinea-Bissau became a key transshipment hub for cocaine. GQ<\/a> reports that one-way drug trafficking has gone undetected is through \u201chumanitarian caravans\u201d. People posing as humanitarian aid workers from Eastern Europe pick up drugs in goods like clothes and medicines, which they bring back to Europe.<\/p>\n

Since the beginning of the country\u2019s history, Guinea-Bissau has faced political instability. It was a Portuguese colony from the 19th<\/sup> century until gaining independence in 1974. Six years later, the country\u2019s first president was removed by a military coup. Only one president has completed their full term since Guinea-Bissau gained independence in 1973. Jo\u00e3o Bernardo “Nino” Vieira, a three-time president, was believed to be involved in the illegal drug trade with Colombia, reports Business Insider<\/a>. Since independence, there have been over 9 coups that weakened the government and created an environment where illegal drug trafficking has flourished.<\/p>\n

Poverty both enables and exacerbates Guinea-Bissau\u2019s existing drug problem. According to a UNODC report<\/a>, Guinea-Bissau is \u201cone of the smallest and poorest countries in a generally poor region.\u201d In 2008, The Guardian<\/a> reported that the \u201cstreet value of the drugs trafficked [in Guinea-Bissau] far exceeds gross national product.\u201d In the 2010 United Nations Development Report<\/a>, Guinea-Bissau ranked 164 out of 168 countries. The country\u2019s large-scale poverty is a significant vulnerability that prevents it from having resources to deal with the drug crisis.<\/p>\n

This sentiment was articulated in March 2019 when former president Jos\u00e9 M\u00e1rio Vaz asked the international community to help Guinea-Bissau deal with drug trafficking. He said Guinea-Bissau does not \u201chave aeroplanes, we don\u2019t have boats, we lack the radars that would give us control over our\u2026economic zone,\u201d reports Al Jazeera<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Another roadblock to political stability in the country is the lack of reliable news sources. According to a 2019 State Department report<\/a> on human rights practices in Guinea-Bissau, the government had \u201cnot take[n] steps to preserve the safety and independence of the media or to prosecute individuals who threatened journalists\u201d. In March, an independent radio station was attacked by local military forces, according to a policy brief<\/a>. This has made it more difficult for local journalists to report on what is happening on the ground and caused many to self-censor to avoid threats and pressure.<\/p>\n

Guinea-Bissau\u2019s weak political leadership and government corruption are closely related to the illegal drug trade. For example, in 2012, the military organized a coup and took power \u201cto achieve control in the rapidly growing lucrative drug trade\u201d, according to a 2020 report<\/a> by the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime.<\/p>\n

The current political climate suggests greater stability will not be achieved anytime soon. During the 2020 Guinea-Bissau presidential election between Umaro Cissoko Embalo and Domingos Simoes Pereira, military supporters part of both parties occupied government buildings to intimidate officials making their final decisions. After Embalo won the election, Rosine Sori-Coulibaly, a prominent UN official, stated to the Security Council that\u00a0 \u201cgiven the deep mistrust between the two political camps, divisions in the Executive branch, and shifting political alliances in Parliament, the swearing-in of the future President will unlikely bring about stability,\u201d according to UN News.<\/a><\/p>\n

Recent drug busts also suggest that the country is far from resolving its drug problem. Generally, worldwide, there has been an increase in cocaine seizures, reports Insider<\/a>. In September 2019, Guinea-Bissau set a record for the largest drug bust in the country\u2019s history that uncovered 1.8 tons of cocaine, reports BBC<\/a>. This came six months after another record-setting bust in March 2019. Both drug busts, however, show some progress in tackling the country\u2019s cocaine issue.<\/p>\n

An international team consisting of officers from Brazil\u2019s Federal Police, Colombia\u2019s National Police, and Interpol sent a team to Guinea-Bissau following the drug bust in September 2019, according to the Interpol website<\/a>. Both events gained international attention and led to concrete action that may help the country rebuild\u00a0stronger political, economic, and social institutions in the future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Guinea-Bissau, a small African country that ranks as one of the poorest in the world, has been infiltrated at every level \u2012political, economic, social\u2012 by the illegal drug trade. The country serves as a midpoint in cocaine trafficking routes from Latin America to Europe. Over a decade ago, it was labeled Africa\u2019s \u201cfirst narco-state.\u201d Last year, Ruth Monteiro, Guinea-Bissau\u2019s Minister of Justice and Human Rights, stated that the country is still a \u201cparadise for drug traffickers,” reports BBC.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5105,"featured_media":10308,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2107,2104,2126,5,385],"tags":[510,679,1054,2127,2128],"class_list":["post-10317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-february-2021","category-2104","category-narco-states","category-focus","category-africa","tag-colombia","tag-brazil","tag-drug-trafficking","tag-cocaine","tag-crime"],"yoast_head":"\nFOCUS on Narco-States: Guinea-Bissau\u00a0 - The Diplomatic Envoy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/22\/focus-on-narco-states-guinea-bissau\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FOCUS on Narco-States: Guinea-Bissau\u00a0 - The Diplomatic Envoy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Guinea-Bissau, a small African country that ranks as one of the poorest in the world, has been infiltrated at every level \u2012political, economic, social\u2012 by the illegal drug trade. The country serves as a midpoint in cocaine trafficking routes from Latin America to Europe. 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