{"id":10259,"date":"2021-02-11T11:03:14","date_gmt":"2021-02-11T16:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/?p=10259"},"modified":"2021-08-16T14:49:05","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T18:49:05","slug":"how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/","title":{"rendered":"How Social Media Influences Global Political Movements"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Jasmine DeLeon<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong><em>Staff Writer <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Social media platforms are facing a myriad of criticisms, ranging from accusations of contributing to rising anxiety and suicide rates among Amer\u00adican teenagers to profiting from selling personal data and compromising indi\u00advidual privacy. The Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 demonstrated that prominent racial justice and equal\u00adity movements could be organized through digital activism, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2020\/06\/10\/blacklivesmatter-surges-on-twitter-after-george-floyds-death\/\">which gained widespread support<\/a> and online en\u00adgagement. Social media is an instru\u00adment of political change, but these changes are dangerously consequen\u00adtial. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Capitol riots in the United States, and increase in political polarization, the world is abandoning the perception that social media does not significant\u00adly impact domestic and world politics.<\/p>\n<p>As many aspects of people\u2019s lives were forced into the digital realm during the pandemic, social media platforms were utilized even more for entertainment, communication, and connection. According to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/04\/07\/technology\/coronavirus-internet-use.html\">New York Times<\/a> analysis of internet usage from January to March 2020, average daily traffic on Facebook skyrocketed 27 percent and 15.3 percent on YouTube since the first U.S. COVID-19 death. In March, Mark Zuckerberg stated in a conference call with reporters that traffic for video calling \u201cexplod\u00aded\u201d and messaging, particularly on WhatsApp, \u201cdoubled in volume,\u201d says an additional <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/23\/technology\/coronavirus-facebook-amazon-youtube.html\">New York Times<\/a> report.<\/p>\n<p>Increased engagement and a sub\u00adsequent rise in power for social media companies like Facebook have result\u00aded in more sinister consequences: the spread of misinformation and disin\u00adformation. In September 2020, the World Health Organization and other United Nation agencies issued a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/23-09-2020-managing-the-covid-19-infodemic-promoting-healthy-behaviours-and-mitigating-the-harm-from-misinformation-and-disinformation\">joint statement<\/a> reiterating a global concern over the COVID-19 \u2018infodemic,\u2019 or an \u201coverabundance of information\u201d that has led to the widespread dis\u00adsemination of misinformation and disinformation. The statement also included a call for member states and stakeholders, including social media platforms, to combat the infodemic. Nonetheless, the use of social media platforms has interfered in the integrity of elections, incited political violence, and contributed to the spread of misinformation and political polarization around the world.<\/p>\n<p>Recommendation algorithms in social media affect perceptions that contribute to political polarization. \u201cRight now, social media companies like Facebook profit off of segmenting us and feeding us personalized content that both validates and exploits our biases,\u201d according to Ya\u00ebl Eisenstat, a former CIA analyst, diplomat, and Facebook employee at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/yael_eisenstat_dear_facebook_this_is_how_you_re_breaking_democracy\">TED conference<\/a> in August 2020. Eisenstat continues, \u201cTheir bottom line depends on provoking a strong emotion to keep us engaged, often incentivizing the most inflammatory and polarizing voices, to the point where finding common ground no longer feels possible.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Social media platforms are also breeding grounds for the spread of fake news and misinformation, which also contributes to political division. In 2018, three MIT scholars published a <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2018\/study-twitter-false-news-travels-faster-true-stories-0308\">study<\/a>, based on over a decade of data, that found false news spreads on Twitter six times faster than real news stories. Moreover, false news stories were found to be 70 percent more likely to be retweeted than real news stories.<\/p>\n<p>How people consume their news ultimately affects their perceptions of the world and their political views. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/12\/10\/social-media-outpaces-print-newspapers-in-the-u-s-as-a-news-source\/\">Pew Research Center<\/a>, \u201cone-in-five U.S. adults say they often get news via social media.\u201d Consumption of false information not only creates a misinformed electorate but ultimately makes finding common ground and engaging in civil discourse more challenging.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/citizen-browser\/2021\/01\/14\/biden-and-trump-voters-were-exposed-to-radically-different-coverage-of-the-capitol-riot-on-facebook\">The Markup<\/a>\u2019s Citizen Browser Project found that Facebook users who voted for President Joe Biden and users who voted for President Trump in the 2020 election held different views on the January 6, 2021 U.S. Capitol riots \u2013 their respective social media feeds showed stories that catered to each group\u2019s political biases. Facebook users with differing political beliefs were also shown stories from different sources altogether. Biden voters were more frequently served sources like The Washington Post, The New York Times, and CNN. Meanwhile, Trump voters were more frequently served sources like The Daily Wire, Fox News, and Breitbart.<\/p>\n<p>In parallel, the design of social media recommendation algorithms partly contributed to the political violence in the U.S. Capitol. Dr. James Kimble, a Communications Professor and propaganda expert at Seton Hall University, stated, \u201cSocial media enables you to craft an echo chamber,\u201d and that there is a \u201csense of self-selection where all you hear is what you want to hear and you don\u2019t hear your opponents,\u201d in a recent interview for <a href=\"https:\/\/globalcurrent.podbean.com\/e\/exploring-the-us-capitol-riots-terrorism-technology-and-propaganda-1611252243\/\">The Global Current<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The result, argues Kimble, is \u201cdisastrous for public discourse\u201d because varying perspectives \u201cdo not collide with each other and thus grow more and more strong and seem true to those people.\u201d He includes that discourse must be free from threats of violence, asserting that \u201csome of these tweets flirted with the idea of domestic terrorism or encouraged people to be violent to show up at the Capitol.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. Capitol riots on January 6, 2021 are considered by some experts to be a result of misinformation campaigns and recommendation algorithms on social media platforms like Twitter, Parler, and Gab. In an interview with The Diplomatic Envoy, Professor John H. Shannon, J.D., of Seton Hall\u2019s Stillman School of Business and an expert in digital transformations impact on business, law, and society has one explanation. \u201cOne of the great strengths and weaknesses on the planet is you can find people with similar views and ideas and theories. Social media movies geography and time constraints we no longer always have to deal with and bring such communities together.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Political communities, such as terrorist organizations, who organize and recruit worldwide through social media platforms, are evidence of this. In 2016, an internal Facebook analysis of German political groups found that \u201c64% of all extremist group joins are due to our [Facebook\u2019s] recommendation tools,\u201d according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/facebook-knows-it-encourages-division-top-executives-nixed-solutions-11590507499\">Wall Street Journal<\/a> report from May 2020.<\/p>\n<p>While many criticize social media platforms themselves, state actors are also guilty of abusing the platforms to incite violence. In some cases, governments targeted people in their own countries. In 2018, the UN published a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/HRBodies\/HRCouncil\/FFM-Myanmar\/A_HRC_39_64.pdf\">report<\/a> saying military leaders in Myanmar used Facebook, a popular platform in the country, to conduct a systematic propaganda campaign against Rohingya Muslims, a minority ethnic group with a history of facing persecution in the Buddhist-majority country.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe role of social media is significant,\u201d according to the UN report. \u201cFacebook has been a useful instrument for those seeking to spread hate, in a context where, for most users, Facebook is the Internet. Although improved in recent months, the response of Facebook has been slow and ineffective. The extent to which Facebook posts and messages have led to real-world discrimination.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Cynthia M. Wong, a former Senior Internet Researcher at Human Rights Watch, explained in the Netflix documentary The Social Dilemma that this campaign \u201chelped incite violence against the Rohingya Muslims that included mass killings, burning of entire villages, mass rape, and other serious crimes against humanity that have led to 700,000 Rohingya Muslims having to flee the country.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Social media can invade many facets of daily living, from forming and cementing political opinions to being used as an instrument to promote genocide. On top of that, investigative journalist Carole Cadwalladr presented a startling judgment in her 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/carole_cadwalladr_facebook_s_role_in_brexit_and_the_threat_to_democracy\/transcript\">TED Talk<\/a> about Facebook\u2019s role in recent elections. Her conclusion addressed \u201cwhether or not it is possible to have a free election again.\u201d She stated that \u201cas it stands, I don\u2019t think it is.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In September 2020, an internal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/craigsilverman\/facebook-ignore-political-manipulation-whistleblower-memo\">memo<\/a> by Sophie Zhang, a former data scientist for the Facebook Site Integrity team, was exposed to the public. Zhang found evidence that foreign governments, political parties, and other actors in Honduras, Azerbaijan, India, Spain, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Ukraine were using fake accounts and\/or organizing campaigns on Facebook to influence public opinion and elections. Additionally, Zhang stated that she and her colleagues removed \u201c10.5 million fake reactions and fans from high-profile politicians in Brazil and the U.S. in the 2018 elections.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Further evidence shows that social media is being abused to interfere in elections. According to \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/93\/2018\/07\/ct2018.pdf\">Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global In ventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation<\/a>,\u201d a report by the Oxford Internet Institute, there is evidence that out of 48 countries examined, 30 have political parties that are deliberately using computational propaganda on social media platforms during elections or referenda.<\/p>\n<p>Two mainstream examples of this deliberate abuse of social media include Russia\u2019s interference in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election and the United Kingdom\u2019s 2016 referendum to leave the European Union. In both cases, the Internet Research Agency (IRA), a company supported by the Russian government, organized disinformation campaigns by writing and posting fake content and creating thousands of fake social media accounts to spread propaganda. The IRA created accounts on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and other social media platforms. Fake content curated by the IRA was retweeted over a staggering two million times and reached over 288 million views on Twitter. Leading up to the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, Russian posts reached 126 million U.S. Facebook accounts, according to a 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Weapons-of-Mass-Distraction-Foreign-State-Sponsored-Disinformation-in-the-Digital-Age.pdf\">Park Advisors<\/a> report sponsored by the U.S. State Department.<\/p>\n<p>In anticipation of the 2020 Presidential election, Facebook suspended the recommendation tab for political groups to try and avoid another election fiasco. After election day on November 3, Facebook temporarily cut off all political ads in the U.S. in order \u201cto reduce opportunities for confusion or abuse\u201d the company stated. Additionally, from October 29, 2020 to December 9, 2020, Instagram <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/InstagramComms\/status\/1336794449226117122\">temporarily<\/a> removed the \u201cRecent\u201d tab from hashtag Instagram pages in the United States as a precaution against the spread of misinformation.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the precautions taken by Facebook and Instagram, some critics and experts have suggested taxing data mining, fixing the algorithm, and even dissolving social media companies all together to prevent further consequences from disinformation campaigns. However, regulation is the resounding suggestion among experts.<\/p>\n<p>Professor John. H. Shannon, speaking on the legal aspects of social media regulation to The Diplomatic Envoy, stated, \u201cThey are not enough. This problem will require regulation; regulation is the way we protect the commons. We are in the early stages of trying to regulate a largely unregulated industry we call technology.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Viswa Viswanathan, an Associate Professor of Computing and Decision Sciences at Seton Hall University, concedes that regulation is a possible solution to problems caused by social media, but he does not believe regulation alone is a panacea for all of these issues. A fundamental takeaway is that \u201cpeople need to know how to think critically or else they will always be targets of exploitation,\u201d asserts Viswanathan.<\/p>\n<p>One reason why misinformation campaigns are so successful is their ability to manipulate a target audience. Dr. Viswanathan elaborates on this, claiming \u201cthe educational system (at all levels) has mostly failed to help people to think critically\u201d because it has come to view itself as an economic tool. One question that remains is if critical thinking, regulation, or other solutions can ultimately prevent social media\u2019s disastrous impact on political polarization, political violence, and election integrity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Social media platforms are facing a myriad of criticisms, ranging from accusations of contributing to rising anxiety and suicide rates among Amer\u00adican teenagers to profiting from selling personal data and compromising indi\u00advidual privacy. The Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 demonstrated that prominent racial justice and equal\u00adity movements could be organized through digital activism, which gained widespread support and online en\u00adgagement. Social media is an instru\u00adment of political change, but these changes are dangerously consequen\u00adtial. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Capitol riots in the United States, and increase in political polarization, the world is abandoning the perception that social media does not significant\u00adly impact domestic and world politics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5105,"featured_media":10239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1354,2115,2116,383],"tags":[404,496,2117,2118],"class_list":["post-10259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-world","category-winter-2021-edition","category-analysis","category-us","tag-elections","tag-social-media","tag-campaign","tag-movements"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Social Media Influences Global Political Movements - The Diplomatic Envoy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Social Media Influences Global Political Movements - The Diplomatic Envoy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Social media platforms are facing a myriad of criticisms, ranging from accusations of contributing to rising anxiety and suicide rates among Amer\u00adican teenagers to profiting from selling personal data and compromising indi\u00advidual privacy. The Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 demonstrated that prominent racial justice and equal\u00adity movements could be organized through digital activism, which gained widespread support and online en\u00adgagement. Social media is an instru\u00adment of political change, but these changes are dangerously consequen\u00adtial. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Capitol riots in the United States, and increase in political polarization, the world is abandoning the perception that social media does not significant\u00adly impact domestic and world politics.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Diplomatic Envoy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-02-11T16:03:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-16T18:49:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/files\/2021\/02\/camilo-jimenez-qZenO_gQ7QA-unsplash-1-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jasmine Deleon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jasmine Deleon\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.shu.edu\\\/thediplomaticenvoy\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/11\\\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.shu.edu\\\/thediplomaticenvoy\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/11\\\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jasmine Deleon\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.shu.edu\\\/thediplomaticenvoy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1b7887fddd5621195f73629391955772\"},\"headline\":\"How Social Media Influences Global Political Movements\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-11T16:03:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-16T18:49:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.shu.edu\\\/thediplomaticenvoy\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/11\\\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1805,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.shu.edu\\\/thediplomaticenvoy\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/11\\\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.shu.edu\\\/thediplomaticenvoy\\\/files\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/camilo-jimenez-qZenO_gQ7QA-unsplash-1-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Elections\",\"social media\",\"campaign\",\"movements\"],\"articleSection\":[\"World\",\"Winter 2021 Edition\",\"Analysis\",\"U.S.\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.shu.edu\\\/thediplomaticenvoy\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/11\\\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.shu.edu\\\/thediplomaticenvoy\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/11\\\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.shu.edu\\\/thediplomaticenvoy\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/11\\\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\\\/\",\"name\":\"How Social Media Influences Global Political Movements - 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The Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 demonstrated that prominent racial justice and equal\u00adity movements could be organized through digital activism, which gained widespread support and online en\u00adgagement. Social media is an instru\u00adment of political change, but these changes are dangerously consequen\u00adtial. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Capitol riots in the United States, and increase in political polarization, the world is abandoning the perception that social media does not significant\u00adly impact domestic and world politics.","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/","og_site_name":"The Diplomatic Envoy","article_published_time":"2021-02-11T16:03:14+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-08-16T18:49:05+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1707,"url":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/files\/2021\/02\/camilo-jimenez-qZenO_gQ7QA-unsplash-1-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Jasmine Deleon","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Jasmine Deleon","Est. reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/"},"author":{"name":"Jasmine Deleon","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/#\/schema\/person\/1b7887fddd5621195f73629391955772"},"headline":"How Social Media Influences Global Political Movements","datePublished":"2021-02-11T16:03:14+00:00","dateModified":"2021-08-16T18:49:05+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/"},"wordCount":1805,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/files\/2021\/02\/camilo-jimenez-qZenO_gQ7QA-unsplash-1-scaled.jpg","keywords":["Elections","social media","campaign","movements"],"articleSection":["World","Winter 2021 Edition","Analysis","U.S."],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2021\/02\/11\/how-social-media-influences-global-political-movement\/","name":"How Social Media Influences Global Political Movements - 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