{"id":30,"date":"2022-02-14T13:19:58","date_gmt":"2022-02-14T18:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/?page_id=30"},"modified":"2024-05-18T12:07:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-18T16:07:12","slug":"research-process","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/research-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Process"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>THE R-CODE RESEARCH PROCESS<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div style=\"width: 860px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-30-1\" width=\"860\" height=\"484\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/10\/Petersheim-Video.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/10\/Petersheim-Video.mp4\">http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/10\/Petersheim-Video.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">_________<\/h4>\n<h3><strong>RESEARCHING UNDERREPRESENTED COMMUNITIES: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The purpose of this project is to use social media to show the perspectives of underrepresented communities through the use of R and Twitter API. Twitter API allows the user to retrieve tweets for research. R is a coding language that is useful for statistics and it is more focused on data analysis. We are currently still in the process of this research project so these are only the preliminary findings. To effectively research voices of this disaster, we will be using the platform that was most used at that time, Twitter, although the most used platform currently is Facebook. The hashtag we will be focusing is #prayforthephilippines and any randomly picked tweet, of that time, that has the word Philippines.<\/p>\n<p>I found it was extremely difficult to find people who were actually involved in the disaster. #prayforthephilippines is primarily people outside of the Philippines showing support or donations for victims of the Typhoon. The problem that I encountered while researching is that this hashtag did not focus on the victims of the Typhoon, instead a large majority of it included celebrities. Over 300 of these tweets @ celebrities, thanking them for their support or asking them for more support. The problem with this is celebrities are overshadowing the victims and the main cause they are supporting. Very few of these tweets were actually about the victims. Interestingly enough, 50 of the tweets were about Justin Bieber, while others were about Manny Pacquiao. Also, there is a portion of these tweets that had hashtag\u00a0 #storyofmylifefollowparty. This basically is a follow party where people were asking for followers. It seems as though there many individuals who are using the Typhoon to gain more followers. Seeing as though I was not going to get any voices from the disaster, I decided to use any randomly picked tweet, during that time, that included the word Philippines. Unfortunately, I faced the same thing as the first hashtag. Very few of these tweets were about the Typhoon. Over 470 of these tweets were about celebrities and only 7 of them were about the typhoon. The tweets of the typhoon were not even from victims, rather it was from broadcasters or people spreading awareness of the typhoon.<\/p>\n<p>This project had a lot of trial and errors. It was difficult at first to start because Twitter denied my Twitter API application as I listed myself as an undergraduate. They have another program like Twitter API for undergraduates, but we needed the Twitter API for this project. Eventually, I had to use Dr. Quizon\u2019s account, however, when Elon Musk took over, he shut down all of our accounts. It previously used to be free, but now, you have to pay $100 a month so I had to use the other student researcher\u2019s account. Luckily, we have a grant, but $100 a month is not a very affordable price. This poses a problem because it makes it difficult for researchers to access, specifically those who do not have a fund.\u00a0 Another problem I had was that, it is extremely hard to find the voices of those who were in the disasters. I think a major problem that I had to encounter was the lack of representation during these times. It was frustrating to see people give more attention to celebrities that were donating instead of those who needed a platform to speak of their experiences during this natural disaster. I think this is a major problem in general as they are taking away the voices of the victims. Instead of giving a platform and a safe place for these underrepresented voices, many are giving the platform to celebrities that already have one. Throughout this research, I realize I need to find more hashtags that only Filipinos, who are in the disaster, would use. To improve this research, I think I will be focusing more on Tagalog hashtags, phrases, or Filipino companies. Hopefully in the future, we are able to give a platform for the unheard voices of disasters<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">_________<\/p>\n<h4><span lang=\"en-US\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05em\" data-contrast=\"auto\">INSIGHTS INTO TYPHOON HAIYAN\/YOLANDA THROUGH A PILOT STUDY OF TWITTER COMMUNITIES\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Abstract of paper presented at the Petersheim Academic Exposition 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<p lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">By Frances Maris Jasmine Lofranco<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">From November 3, 2013, to November 11, 2013, one of the\u00a0most\u00a0destructive and powerful\u00a0typhoons\u00a0hit<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">multiple Southeast Asian countries, notably the Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan. known locally as Yolanda, was one of the most devastating tropical cyclones<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">with over 6,000 people killed. Twelve years after destruction,\u00a0what are the underrepresented and untold stories? To fully\u00a0include\u00a0understudied voices in\u00a0disaster\u00a0research\u00a0on one of the biggest tropical cyclones in history, this paper presents a snapshot of a method\u00a0seeking<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">both onsite\u00a0as well as\u00a0expatriate community perspectives. This paper presents a pilot text mining study using R\u00a0that is part of the Hidden Voices of Disaster interdisciplinary grant. As one of two student researchers on the team, we aim to explore ways of building a scholarly platform for studying underrepresented voices and help better evaluate how the world responded to this natural disaster, specifically on the one of the most used social media\u00a0platforms\u00a0of that time, Twitter. I will\u00a0briefly present preliminary findings using<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\">community hashtags and share\u00a0insights\u00a0on the process specifically\u00a0focusing on\u00a0#prayforthephilippines.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">_________<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>RESEARCH PRIOR TO THE PETERSHEIM PRESENTATION<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>As the grant is slowly starting to end, I wanted to make sure I was able to document my road to the Petersheim Presentation. Before we were able to present our research, we had to learn how to research. The code we were learning was R. Luckily, I had already taken a class for my Poli-Sci major and had a background, but it was a terribly difficult code. It is fun once you understand, but even with someone that had a background, it was difficult to research. This was the first time I ever really used the code for a big research project. I have used it to research, but I had limitations then. The possibilites were endless with this project.<\/p>\n<p>Leading up to it, I tried to do as much work as possible. I decided to focus on the hastage #prayforthephilippines, which was one of the most trending tags of this time. It was able to give me the information I wanted, but I did have trouble inputting the data. Fortunately, I had Wes to help me. They lead me through the whole thing and was able to compile some data. After that, I made an abstract with Dr. Quizon and began my presentation<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">_________<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>JAPANESE DISASTER ARCHIVE &#8211; STARTING POINT FOR RESEARCH<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>by Wes Melian<\/p>\n<p>May 2, 2022<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jdarchive.org\/en\">https:\/\/jdarchive.org\/en<\/a><\/p>\n<p>We started our research by going through the Japanese Disaster Archive (JDA) as a way to get some bearing about the scope and themes we could explore. A bit of background on the JDA, it began as a project out of Harvard University\u2019s Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. The point was to create an accessible digital archive where people could share and view information regarding disasters in Japan. The JDA collaborated with several different companies and teams to collect all the information. Users are able to create collections with the information they find through the JDA. The search bar of the JDA allows users to narrow down their search by type of content (images, audio, testimonial, etc.), date range, language (English or Japanese), and even by partner (ex. Yahoo! Japan, Asahi Times).<\/p>\n<p>This filtering system doesn&#8217;t apply to the collections which can be organized by time posted and language. Most collections seem to have been made by students for classes both at the college, high school, and primary school levels. While the collections are useful to find threads within the JDA because so many of them were done for school projects there are not more than 10 things per collection. None of the collections seemed to be cultivated by the JDA itself either.<\/p>\n<p>There is an interactive map that shows information via heat maps or content maps. Most content in the JDA also has a small map attached to it so users can see where the information is coming from. This is very useful in seeing how different regions were affected and what was being said where.<\/p>\n<p>As helpful as the JDA is, it is not as streamlined as it could be. The interface is a bit clunky and finding and filtering content is difficult. When looking through testimonials there was an overwhelming amount of students talking about their experiences researching with the JDA and about what they learned. While not unimportant, there is no way to filter out the testimonials further by region, for example. Using the JDA is a lot of just wading through tons of information before finding a thread one can pull on and follow outside of the JDA. I ended up on the Asahi Times website and used their own search bar over the JDA&#8217;s to find information about the court cases following the March 11th disaster in Japan. It is not that the JDA isn&#8217;t useful, it is a good starting point, but there is so much information that is very easy to get overwhelmed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">_________<\/p>\n<h3><strong>EXPLORING JDA &#8211; CROWD-SOURCED READING AND TRANSLATION OF HAND-WRTTEN NOTES ON MISSING LOVED ONES<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>by Ciana Vrtikapa<\/p>\n<p>March 20, 2022 with updates December 23, 2023<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0I did a wide search of the JDA in Japanese and found a variety of interesting things. Among these were a variety of critiques regarding a failure to protect women during the disaster. There were many articles making the invisible visible with links to other content detailing sexual violence in evacuation centers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0I also noticed that in the JDA, Twitter-Japan\u2019s site filtered key words for the day of the disaster; many tweeted \u201cthere\u2019s an earthquake\u201d and nothing more. However, a few tweets led to blogs. One of these blogs has since been shut down but provided links to the author, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/iwasansan\/albums\/72157626262234174\/page1\"><b>Hiroki Iwuasa<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2019s Flickr account. His account has dozens of photos including photos of handwritten message boards, lists of names, and information about the casualties.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0In some of the pictures the handwriting can be difficult to read, but luckily other users typed out the written Japanese in the comments of the photos to help others who had trouble reading. I will provide a selection of the photos, comments, and translations from the account.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0The pictures were shared by Hiroki Iwuasa, however in the caption of some of them he thanked @TEAM_JUA. It\u2019s possible that they collaborated to spread information as widely as they could. @TEAM_JUA on Twitter has links to photos and information surrounding the disaster as well.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u2022<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0The name of the album is:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a011 Mar \u6771\u5317\u95a2\u6771\u5927\u9707\u707d\uff08March 11th, The Great Tohoku Kanto Earthquake)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u8ca0\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff01\u751f\u304d\u5ef6\u3073\u308b\uff01(We won\u2019t lose! We will survive!)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0The photos are from Yamamoto Town Hall in Watari District, Miyagi Prefecture.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 There are three prevalent categories of information shared. Category one is logistic information. There are pictures of a bus schedule (1) as well as a list of multiple evacuation shelters (2).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_228\" style=\"width: 232px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-228\" class=\"wp-image-228 \" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/shelter-status_yamamoto-306x410.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"222\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/shelter-status_yamamoto-306x410.png 306w, https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/shelter-status_yamamoto-260x349.png 260w, https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/shelter-status_yamamoto-160x214.png 160w, https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/shelter-status_yamamoto.png 326w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-228\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(2) Evacuation Shelters<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_227\" style=\"width: 398px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-227\" class=\" wp-image-227\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/bus-schedule_yamamoto.png\" alt=\"(1) Bus Schedule \" width=\"388\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/bus-schedule_yamamoto.png 468w, https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/bus-schedule_yamamoto-260x182.png 260w, https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/bus-schedule_yamamoto-160x112.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-227\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(1) Bus Schedule<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There\u2019s also detailed information on the local schools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-229 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/c1p1_yamamoto-305x410.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"260\" height=\"343\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Japanese was rewritten in the comments by Norihiro Sawada.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u753a\u5185\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u60c5\u5831<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3\/13<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5742\u5143\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821 \u3000\u3000\u5168\u54e1\u7121\u4e8b<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u4e2d\u6d5c\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821 \u3000\u3000\u5168\u54e1\u7121\u4e8b<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5c71\u4e0b\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821 \u3000\u3000\u5168\u54e1\u7121\u4e8b<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5c71\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821 \u5168\u54e1\u7121\u4e8b<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5c71\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821 6\u4eba\u9023\u7d61\u306a\u3057 2\u4eba\u4e0d\u660e<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5742\u5143\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u3000\u3000 4\u4eba\u4e0d\u660e<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5c71\u4e0b\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u3000\u3000 27\u4eba\u9023\u7d61\u306a\u3057 6\u4eba\u4e0d\u660e\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0This paper is sharing the status of elementary and junior high schools in the town. The first four listed are Sakamoto ESH, Nakahama ESH, Yamashita ESH, and Yamashita Daiichi JHS. Their status is marked as \u201ceveryone is safe\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0The fifth school, Yamashita Daini JHS notes that six students have not been contacted, and there are two with an unknown status.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0The sixth school, Sakamoto JHS, has listed that the status of four students is unknown.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0The seventh school, Yamashita JHS, notes that 27 students have not been contacted and there are six with an unknown status.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0Below this picture, @ninoguchi commented:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u201c\u300c\u5c71\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821 \u5168\u54e1\u7121\u4e8b\u300d\uff1d\u5927\u5b66\u6642\u4ee3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u53cb\u4eba\u306e\u5a18\u3055\u3093\u304a\u4e8c\u4eba\u304c\u7121\u4e8b\u306a\u3088\u3046\u3067\u5b89\u5fc3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u60c5\u5831\u6709\u96e3\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u201c\u300cYamashita Daini JHS, everyone is safe\u300d\uff1d I am relieved that the two daughters of my\u00a0 friend, who I have known since university, are safe. Thank you for the information.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u2022<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0The second category of information is the status of individuals. There were dozens of notes detailing where people were, where they were going, if they were okay, and asking for their loved ones to contact them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-230 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/c1p2_yamamoto-303x410.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"177\" height=\"236\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Japanese was rewritten in the comments by Norihiro Sawada.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u798f\u5cf6\u5e02 \u5728\u5ead\u5742\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u201cFukushima City Zainiwasaka<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u963f\u90e8\u7af9\u4e4b\u52a9\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Abe Takenosuke\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3\u670814\u65e5\u306b\u6765\u307e\u3057\u305f\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0On 3\/14 at 12:58pm, I was here.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">12\u664258\u5206\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I will go to the elementary<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3059\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">school now.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-231 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/c1p3_yamamoto-316x410.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"217\" height=\"277\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Japanese was rewritten in the comments by Norihiro Sawada.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u57ce\u5185\u653f\u53f8\u3000\u3088\u3057\u5b50\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0&#8220;Kiuchi Masahi, Yoshiko<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u82b1\u91dc\u306e\u9234\u6728\u5f18\u5b50\u3001\u671d\u5b50\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Hiroko Suzuki and Asako of Hanagama<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5c71\u4e0b\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u306b\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 At Yamashita JHS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5fc3\u914d\u3057\u3066\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9023\u7d61\u4e0b\u3055\u3044\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I&#8217;m worried. Please contact me.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-232 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/c1p4_yamamoto-550x408.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"203\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Japanese was rewritten in the comments by<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">@HachinoH.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0&#8220;Group Home<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u3055\u304b\u3082\u3068\u5165\u5c45\u8005\u306f\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Sakamoto Residents\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5168\u54e1\u3000\u5742\u5143\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u306b\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 are all evacuating to\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u907f\u96e3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Sakamoto JHS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0&#8211; Guruu&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-233 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/c1p5_yamamoto-308x410.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"306\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Japanese was rewritten in the comments by Norihiro Sawada.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u6e21\u8fba\u7406\u6075\u3078\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0To Rei Watanabe,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u3058\u3044\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3001\u3070\u3042\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306f\u8352\u5ddd\u5bb6\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Grandpa and Grandma are at the Arakawa house.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u3042\u3068\u306f\u3001\u307f\u3064\u5b50\u3070\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3061\u3078\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 Later we will go to Grandma (possibly Aunt) Mitsuko&#8217;s <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 house.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u304b\u3042\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3088\u308a\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0From, Mom&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-234 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/c1p6_yamamoto.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"360\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Japanese was rewritten and the map recreated in the comments by <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Norihiro Sawada.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u83ca\u5730\u5343\u7d75\u3001\u611b\u5f13\u3078<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u4e21\u89aa\u3068\u59b9\u3001\u4e0a\u5e73\u5730\u533a\u306e<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u304a\u3058\u306e\u6240\u306b\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6765\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u5730\u56f3\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff5c\u5bae\u57ce\u30b4\u30eb\u30d5\uff5c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u30a4\u30ef\u30ad\u30c0\u30a4\u30ab\u30b9\u30c8<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u76ee\u7684\u5730 \uff3c\u25a1 \u30ed\u30fc\u30bd\u30f3\u3000\uff5c\u30fc\u30fc\uff5c\uff5c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u5c71\u5143\u5f79\u5834<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u25a0 \u3000\u3000 \u3000\uff3c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff5c\u3000\u3000\uff5c\uff5c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u25a1<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u3000\u2190\u5742\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u5f79\u5834\u4ed8\u8fd1\u304b\u3089\u7d048km\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To Kikuchi Chie, Ayumi,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">My parents and little sister are at my uncle\u2019s house in the Kamihira area. Please come.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Map:\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff5cMiyagi Golf\uff5c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000Iwaki Die Cast<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Destination \uff3c\u25a1 Lawson\u00a0 \u3000\uff5c\u30fc\u30fc\uff5c\uff5c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000Yamamoto Town Hall<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u25a0 \u3000\u3000 \u3000\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \uff3c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\uff5c\u3000\u3000\uff5c\uff5c\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u25a1<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u3000\u2190There\u2019s a slope\uff08From town hall it\u2019s about 8km\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Besides these more personal handwritten messages targeted towards specific people, there were also lists providing information on multiple individuals. The following two photos are lists with the following information from left to right.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Date -&gt; Name -&gt; Gender -&gt; Age -&gt; Location\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-235\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/c1p7_yamamoto-312x410.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"267\" height=\"346\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-236\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/c1p8_yamamoto-307x410.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"262\" height=\"344\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u2022<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The third category of pictures provides information on missing people and casualties.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This casualty list displays the following information from left to right:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Name -&gt; Head of Household -&gt; Area -&gt; Identification Date -&gt; Death Date -&gt; Birthday -&gt; Age -&gt; Address<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-242\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/cc1p9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"71\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-243\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/12\/c1p9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"126\" \/><\/p>\n<p>(Names and personal information has been cropped out of the picture.)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The majority of the other casualty lists display the same information. The documents regarding missing people exclude information such as head of household, identification date, and death date. However, they all include name, age, gender, and address. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u2022<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_196\" style=\"width: 459px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-196\" class=\"wp-image-196\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/files\/2023\/11\/Iwausa_Flickr-550x372.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"309\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-196\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The safety information board at Yamamoto Town Hall.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During the day of and the days following the disaster, it seems that information was passed along within the community through public announcements at the town hall and information boards as neighbors leaned on each other for support. However, for people outside of the community, pictures like these were spread on Twitter and blogs alongside information for aid and assistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">_________<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF NATURAL DISASTERS: AN ACCOUNT FROM A HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>by Wes Melian<\/p>\n<p>July 14, 2022<\/p>\n<p>While looking through the JDA Archive (read the blog post above for more information regarding that), I found a really interesting testimonial titled &#8220;I am not a Martyr, Refugee, or Victim&#8221; wherein a student recounts his experience during the Tohuku Earthquake. He explains how when the earthquake began it was the adults, not the students who were the most panicked. For the unnamed student and his cohorts, the earthquake was a semi-regular occurrence that was not a cause for concern. He explains that the bus ride back to their homes after several hours of being holed up at their school took seven hours. In those seven hours, his friend and he started a band, broke up, and he decided to go solo. When he did finally get home and was rejoined with his family, they ordered pizza. It was only when eating said pizza and watching the news did the student realize the magnitude of what had just happened. His last statement is as follows: &#8220;Pizza turns to ash in my mouth as death further North renders these moments embarrassingly insignificant.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>This account is fascinating because it shows how mundane this devastating earthquake was to this student and how the impact was not realized till much later. It brings to mind the idea that most of us are going about our daily lives during world-altering events. Unless we live at the event&#8217;s epicenter until the news and the devastation is brought to our attention, just another day. If you were to look at the journals of young people (ie. children and teenagers) during events such as the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, most of them would probably recount their day at school, a feud with friends, or how much they like their crush. There is a juxtaposition between the mundane of everyday school life and a natural disaster that suddenly renders everything into sharp relief and petty squabbles now feel inane. The last line of the student&#8217;s testimonial really hammers this last point home.<\/p>\n<p>Going forward, I&#8217;m hoping to read more first-hand testimonials of younger people who experienced the earthquake.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">_________<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>TEPCO TRIALS AND THE LEGALITY OF BLAME<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>by Wes Melian<\/p>\n<p>June 14, 2022<\/p>\n<p>Asahi Shimbun is a Japanese newspaper that publishes its articles in both English and Japanese. In the wake of the 2011 Tohuku Earthquake, the newspaper published several articles following the trials between TEPCO and the victims of the nuclear power plant meltdown in Fukushima. TEPCO was the power company in charge of the nuclear plant and in the wake of the disaster, the high courts in Japan decided the fault lay with both the government and the company. However, the effects of the disaster and the money given to the victims were not enough. Even those who were rehoused by the government would end up being sued for not being able to pay rent when many of them could not even work. In more recent articles dated around 2019, the TEPCO executives who had originally been found guilty were looking for an acquittal. Even though the blame lies with them and their mismanagement of the plant, they still looked for a way to shift the blame onto someone else. It is also interesting to see how the Japanese government seem to, at first, be on the side of the victims but as time went on the support shifted toward TEPCO.<\/p>\n<p>I would like to read the court documents for the trial of the TEPCO executives and do more research into Japanese law. I think it is really interesting to see who the government blames, how it is dealt with, and the repercussions of these choices. Japan is known for its strict legal system so comparing this with, for example, the Philipino government could be an interesting study in law.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>THE R-CODE RESEARCH PROCESS _________ RESEARCHING UNDERREPRESENTED COMMUNITIES: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS\u00a0 The purpose of this project is to use social media to show the perspectives of underrepresented communities through the use of R and Twitter API. Twitter API allows the user&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/research-process\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5242,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-30","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5242"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":248,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30\/revisions\/248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/hiddenvoices\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}