{"id":451,"date":"2011-12-08T11:48:29","date_gmt":"2011-12-08T15:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/?page_id=451"},"modified":"2017-06-16T12:52:04","modified_gmt":"2017-06-16T16:52:04","slug":"short-paper-on-justice","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/short-paper-on-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"Short Paper on Justice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/assignment-sheet-for-short-paper\/\" title=\"Assignment Sheet for Short Paper\">Assignment Sheet<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/student-essay-from-short-paper-on-justice\/\" title=\"Student Essay from Short Paper on Justice\">Sample Student Essay from Sequence<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1202 Teaching Notes:\u00a0 1202 Unit 1 <\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong> Justice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aristotle\ufffds \ufffdDefinition of Justice\ufffd<\/p>\n<p>Sophocles\ufffd <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Oedipus Rex<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Film:\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Chinatown<\/span><\/p>\n<p>External Link:\u00a0 MLK\ufffds speech \ufffdBeyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence\ufffd<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Thoreau\ufffds \ufffdCivil Disobedience\ufffd<\/p>\n<p>Sophocles\ufffd <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Antigone<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Film:\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Gandhi<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Day 1: Aristotle<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>s <\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>Definition of Justice<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Homework Due:\u00a0 Discussion Board post:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Identify at least 3 passages (of at lease one sentence each) that express a main idea in Aristotle\ufffds \ufffdDefinition of Justice.\ufffd\u00a0 Type the passage exactly as it appears, using quotation marks and providing the page number in parenthesis at the end of it.<\/li>\n<li>Imagine that Aristotle was alive today and that you were going to interview him about this essay.\u00a0 What idea, in particular, would you question him about?\u00a0 (Pick something that you disagree with or that you find unclear or confusing).\u00a0 Write a question which includes the passage that pertains to it.\u00a0 Formulate your question as I have in the example below.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Example:\u00a0 Imagine that I\ufffdm going to interview Thomas Jefferson on the Declaration of Independence.\u00a0 Here\ufffds how I would phrase the question:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In the Declaration of Independence you say that \ufffdall men are created equal.\ufffd\u00a0 However, if I grew up in Compton and you grew up in Beverly Hills, how could we be equal?\u00a0 We wouldn\ufffdt have the same life experiences or the same opportunities to succeed, so where is the equality?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussion Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discuss the difficulties of reading Aristotle:\u00a0 reading strategies is helpful.\u00a0 What seem to be the<\/p>\n<p>terms he uses frequently:\u00a0 virtue, justice, family, equality,<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Def. of the state:\u00a0 individual&gt;&gt;family&gt;&gt;community&gt;&gt;state.<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Justice = the common interest = \ufffda sort of equality\ufffd<\/p>\n<p>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aristocrat\u00a0 &lt;&lt; Aristotle\u00a0 (concept of nobility \ufffd class superiority)<\/p>\n<p>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 men of lower birth and women were not considered fit to strive for highest virtue.<\/p>\n<p>Double Column Notes on \ufffdDefinition of Justice\ufffd \ufffd see Word doc. \ufffd break class up into groups and have each group respond to a set of quotes.\u00a0 Go over responses as a way to begin discussing the essay.<\/p>\n<p>Homework:\u00a0 study for Oedipus Quiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Day 2:\u00a0 Beginning Oedipus<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Oedipus Quiz.<\/li>\n<li>Announce Homework:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>read Aristotle\ufffds \ufffdOn Tragedy\ufffd in DiYanni p. 2114<\/li>\n<li>Double Column Notebook which makes connections on Aristotles ideas and the events\/characters of Oedipus.\u00a0 Examples of types of ideas:\u00a0 virtue, leadership, Truth, family, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>MLK Speech:\u00a0 look at portion which refers to slavery and Vietnam as sicknesses that afflict the soul of America.<\/li>\n<li>Correct Quizzes:\u00a0 discuss answers in class<\/li>\n<li>Double Column Notebook on board using responses to quiz questions:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>City State of Thebes\u00a0 &gt;&gt;&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 importance of the state for Ari. and Greeks<\/li>\n<li>Particide and incest &gt;&gt;&gt; taboos, sins which violate the social order of the city state.\u00a0 Why not allow killing of fathers and incest.\u00a0 Why?\u00a0 They violate the sanctity of family unit<\/li>\n<li>Etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Day 3:\u00a0 Continuing Oedipus (Discussion of Myth, Tragedy &amp; Aristotle &amp; Catharsis)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>Something in the Way<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong> from <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Nirvana Unplugged<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Purpose:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To explore the idea that we are attracted to the tragedy of others.<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Is there something cathartic about the song?\u00a0 What other artists portray a sense of personal<\/p>\n<p>tragedy in their music? Why do they become heroic for us?<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 What does the idea of \ufffdSomething in the Way\ufffd suggest about human suffering?<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Is there a parallel to Oedipus\ufffd plight and suffering?<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 How has the myth of Oedipus (as portrayed by Sophocles) permeated the artistic world across the generations?\u00a0 Look at other Cobain lyrics from <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Incesticide<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aristotle:\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>On Tragedy<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tragedy is:\u00a0 \ufffdimitation of an action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude\ufffd;\u00a0 it evokes \ufffdpity and fear\ufffd;\u00a0 cathartic effect:\u00a0 audience feels purged<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tragedy results from:<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hero\ufffds tragic flaw<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Flaw that is a result of fate &gt;&gt; beyond hero\ufffds control<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hero\ufffds error of judgment &gt;&gt; mistakes (very common, underscores the imperfection of man)<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Joseph Campbell on the Importance of Myth:<\/span><\/strong><strong>\u00a0 &#8220;Myth is the secret opening through which the inexhaustible energies of the cosmos pour into human manifestation&#8230;&#8221; (from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jcf.org\/works.php?id=104\">Hero with a Thousand Faces<\/a>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Oedipus:\u00a0 What is the play really about?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Mythic Story <\/strong>was reflected in :\u00a0 Homer\ufffds <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Odyssey<\/span>, Sophocles\ufffd Oedipus Rex, and plays of Euripides and Aeschylus (text of plays is lost)<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Sins of the Father<\/strong> \ufffd One version of the myth says that Laius was punished by the gods because he seduced a young boy.<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This part of the myth is only in Robert Graves\ufffd book on Greek Mythology, not in Edith Hamilton\ufffds or Thomas Bullfinch\ufffds (schools most often use the latter).<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Story:\u00a0 Laius was a Theban who raped a young boy, named Chrysippus, who he was teaching to operate a chariot.\u00a0 He fell in love with the boy and abducted him.\u00a0 When the whole thing came to light the boy killed himself in shame.\u00a0 The gods perceived what Laius had done as a crime against heterosexual relations and marriage.\u00a0 As punishment Hera sent the Sphinx to plague Thebes and Apollo made Laius childless.\u00a0 Laius went to the Oracle at Delphi to find out about his future and was told that he should remain childless because his son would kill him.\u00a0 Afterwards Laius married Jocasta and unintentionally got her pregnant while he was drunk.\u00a0 In light of this, the gods\ufffd punishment does not seem arbitrary.\u00a0 The problem is that his son Oedipus is the one who bore the brunt of the suffering.<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \ufffdSins of the Father\ufffd concept \ufffd part of Judeo-Christian Tradition: the tragedy causes the downfall of the entire house of Kadmos (affects Oedipus and his family across generations)<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<strong>The Symbol of the Sphinx: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oedipus as story about question of rulership:\u00a0 embodied in The Sphinx Sub-plot<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solving the Riddle addresses the question of Earned vs. Inherited Power:\u00a0 Should political power (kingship, in this case) be inherited or earned?\u00a0 Aristotle discusses this in \ufffdDefinition of Justice\ufffd.<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Consider that Sophocles titled the play <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Oedipus Tyrannus<\/span>. In the case of Oedipus he both earns it by solving the riddle of the Sphinx and inherits it (unknowingly) \ufffd creating an interesting irony. \ufffdTyrant\ufffd \ufffd in Classical Greece meant \ufffduninherited political power\ufffd (it did not connote cruelty or despotism).<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sphinx is sometimes portrayed as a combination of genders and species (head of man, breasts of woman, body of lion); sometimes portrayed as winged lion with head and breasts of woman and tail of a serpent,<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>The Symbol of Blindness:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Tieresias:<\/strong>\u00a0 blind soothsayer:\u00a0 is blind but can see truth better than the sighted; can see what the sighted cannot;\u00a0 can see what the gods have in store for humans. Note also:\u00a0 Tieresias is also double-sexed; is an \ufffdhermaphrodite\ufffd \ufffd Hera blinded him because he told the secret that women enjoy sex more than men.\u00a0 Also, by being both man and woman he know more than any normal mortal could\/would.<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Blindness as symbol of castration:<\/strong>\u00a0 emasculation.\u00a0 Oedipus blinds himself because he never again wants to look on the fruits of his sexual activity, so he symbolically emasculates himself (the eyes are the first organs of lust\/desire).<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>The Issue of Guilt:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aristotle doesn\ufffdt perceive Oedipus as the guilty party \ufffd \ufffdundeserved misfortune\ufffd not due to \ufffddepravity\ufffd but \ufffdsome great error\ufffd<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 What makes us guilty?<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hubris? (pride, violence, excess)<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hamartia? (a flaw, mistake, sin)<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Ironies:\u00a0 The Clash of Opposites<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Concept of \ufffdpolemos panton pater\ufffd &#8211;\u00a0 \ufffdconflict fathers everything\ufffd (everything in life arises from conflict of some sort)<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A necessary aspect of the public life of a society?\u00a0 (is suffering inescapable and necessary? \ufffd see the rhetoric used concerning the need for military action to \ufffdbring democracy to the world\ufffd).<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Story of the individual<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>s relentless search for the truth (as in the film \u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Chinatown<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ufffd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Story of the need to confront human problems with dignity and courage<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Homework:\u00a0 Read the essays of literary criticism on pp. 1295 <\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong> 1300 of Di Yanni (Freud, Knox, Poole) and the material in External Links.\u00a0 In Discussion Board respond to the following prompt:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Considering one or more of the ideas you wrote about in the Double Column Note exercise, now make a connection to something you read in either one of the critical essays in Di Yanni or in External Links.\u00a0 Write a paragraph of at least 200 words which develops an idea about that connection.\u00a0\u00a0 Your goal should be to use this third source of information to further develop your ideas about the topic.\u00a0 Your paragraph should include at least one quote from the new source (but don<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>t include the quote in your word count).\u00a0 It should also refer to the play and to Aristotle, although you don<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>t necessarily have to quote from them.\u00a0 Make sure you mention the name of the source and the author, if any.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:\u00a0 If you wrote about the tragic hero in the Double Column Note exercise you might want to discuss what Knox says about Oedipus<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong> heroic stature in his essay.\u00a0 Your paragraph would provide a pertinent quote from the essay and explain its connection to the portrayal of Oedipus in the play and the description of the tragic figure (or of tragedy) in Aristotle<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>s <\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>On Tragedy<\/strong><strong>\ufffd<\/strong><strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Day 4: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Give back Double Column Note Exercises and ask students to look at my comments, look back at the Synthesis Paragraph they\ufffdve written in DB and in class add a response to this question:<\/p>\n<p>What question to you think you can address in your essay, based on the thinking you\ufffdve done thus far?<\/p>\n<p>Continue to Discuss Oedipus using notes above and include mention of Divine Right of Kings issue and Inaugural address or other Bush speeches that indicate a feeling of divine appointment.\u00a0 (Billy Graham\ufffds speech also.)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;Melinda Papaccio<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Assignment Sheet Sample Student Essay from Sequence 1202 Teaching Notes:\u00a0 1202 Unit 1 \ufffd Justice Materials: Aristotle\ufffds \ufffdDefinition of Justice\ufffd Sophocles\ufffd Oedipus Rex Film:\u00a0 Chinatown External Link:\u00a0 MLK\ufffds speech \ufffdBeyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence\ufffd &nbsp; Thoreau\ufffds \ufffdCivil Disobedience\ufffd Sophocles\ufffd Antigone Film:\u00a0 Gandhi &nbsp; Day 1: Aristotle\ufffds \ufffdDefinition of Justice\ufffd &nbsp; Homework Due:\u00a0 Discussion &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/short-paper-on-justice\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Short Paper on Justice&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":639,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-451","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/639"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=451"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1297,"href":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/451\/revisions\/1297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}